INTRODUCTION MULTI-STEP SYNTHESIS LAB REPORT Essay

INTRODUCTION MULTI-STEP SYNTHESIS LAB REPORT - Essay Example Secondly it will require a description on the introduction, removal and transformation of functional groups so as to achieve expected functionality in molecule. Thirdly it requires knowledge of the centers of stereoisomerism that are created or influenced. The steps in any synthesis are more or less dependent rather than discrete. The assembly of the molecular framework is dependent on structure and functionality of starting materials that are available, selectivity both regio and sterio of reactions for combinations and loss or relocation of functional groups of intermediate compounds in assembling final products. In conclusion, a successful syntheses route must produce desired product in reasonable good yield and with efficiency in terms of time of reaction and also byproducts. Not all processes can achieve 100% yield. The protection of existing desired functional groups is importantly inclusive of blocking of undesired reactions and activating groups. Knowledge on the introduction and removal of such groups is

Maintain international peace and security

Maintain international peace and security The United Nations, the UN is an international organization established to maintain and strengthen international peace and security, development cooperation between States. The basis of its activities and structure developed during the Second World War, leading participants-Hitler coalition. The name â€Å"United Nations† was first used in the United Nations Declaration, signed on Jan. 1, 1942. The UN Charter was adopted at the San Francisco Conference, held from April to June 1945 and signed on June 26, 1945 representatives of 51 States. Date of entry into force of the Charter (24 October) is celebrated as United Nations Day. The organization occupies a central place as the chief deliberative, policymaking and representative organ. The General Assembly shall consider the principles of cooperation in the field of international peace and security; elects non-permanent UN Security Council members, members of the Economic and Social Council, on the recommendation of the Security Council appointed UN Secretary-General, in conjunction with the Security Council elects the members of the International Court of Justice, coordinates international cooperation in the economic social, cultural and humanitarian spheres; exercise other powers stipulated in the UN Charter. Security Council. Primary responsibility for maintaining international peace and security; its decisions are expected to obey all the UN members. The five permanent Security Council members (Russia, USA, Britain, France and China) have veto power. The Security Council consists of 15 members: five members permanent (USA, UK, France, Russia and China), the remaining ten members (in the terminology of the Constitution â€Å"no standing†) were elected to the Council in accordance with the procedure stipulated by the Charter (paragraph 2 Article 23). Secretariat this is an international staff working institutions around the world and perform a variety of daily activities of the Organization. It serves the other principal organs of the United Nations adopted and implemented their programs and policies. Secretariat units are located at UN Headquarters in New York and elsewhere in the Headquarters of the UN bodies, the largest of which are the United Nations Office at Geneva and Vienna. At the head of the Secretariat is the Secretary-General who is appointed by the General Assembly upon the recommendation of the Security Council for a term of 5 years, renewable for another term. Currently, there is a gentlemans agreement that a citizen of the country a permanent member of the UN Security Council can not be the UN Secretary General. An important instrument for maintaining international peace and security are the UN peacekeeping operations. Their activity is determined by a number of General Assembly resolutions adopted in accordance with the Charter of the Organization. Implementation of the UN peacekeeping operation can be expressed as: Investigation of incidents and negotiations with the warring parties with a view to reconciliation; Verifying compliance with the ceasefire; Contributing to the maintenance of law and order; The provision of humanitarian assistance; Monitoring the situation. Human rights. On 10 December 1948 UN General Assembly adopted and proclaimed the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, and then recommended that all Member States to publish the text of the Declaration by the â€Å"spread, read and expounded principally in schools and other educational institutions, without any distinction based on the political status of countries or territories.† Humanitarian aid. Humanitarian disasters can occur anywhere and at any time. Whatever the cause flood, drought, earthquake or conflict they always lead to deaths, displacement, loss of the ability of communities on their own to ensure their existence and bring immense suffering. In countries which have for a long time been exposed to natural disasters or recovering from conflict, humanitarian aid is increasingly seen as one element of an overall effort to ensure that peace-building, along with the development of political and financial support. Perhaps the most dramatic natural disaster in recent years has caused a tsunami in the Indian Ocean earthquake. Early in the morning Sunday, December 26, 2004, off the west coast of northern Sumatra occurred strong earthquake measuring 9.0 on the Richter scale, which resulted in a huge tsunami, which reached a height of 10 meters and move along the surface of the Indian Ocean at a speed of 500 kilometers per hour. The tsunami hit the coastal areas in India, Indonesia, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Maldives, Myanmar, the Seychelles and Somalia. It has been estimated that as of April 2005 more than 217 thousand people died, 51 thousand missing and more than half a million people homeless. Organization of the United Nations began to take measures immediately, trying to satisfy a range of humanitarian needs, including in areas such as agriculture, coordination and support services, economic recovery and infrastructure, education, family housing and consumer goods, food, health , measures related to mine clearance, protection of human rights and the rule of law, security and water and sanitation. For this purpose, 5 January 2005 was made â€Å"urgent appeal† to the mobilization of 977 million dollars to fund critical of relief efforts undertaken by some 40 United Nations agencies and nongovernmental organizations (NGOs). However, despite its uniqueness, the UN has been discredited by failings and scandals. The organization has demonstrated that it is not always able to promptly adapt to rapidly changing global political realities. In this regard, the UN is often criticized for its inefficiency, undemocratic, the lack of attention to the problems of developing countries, bureaucracy, overstaffing and excessive budget.On behalf of the UN have also been linked, and some high-profile financial scandals. In one of them, the Program for Iraq â€Å"Oil for Food program, was involved even Kojo Annan (Kofi Annans son). American Commission of Inquiry program of assistance to Saddams Iraq Oil for Food has revealed the involvement of UN officials for corruption by the regime of Saddam Hussein. In addition, the number of peacekeepers and employees were indicted for sexual crimes against refugees. According to RBC daily interviewed experts inflation scandals plaguing the UN is being targeted, and above all they a re interested in the U.S. who do not want to reckon with the UN as an independent player in the international arena. Therefore, Washington was determined to discredit the organization. The new regulations the UN is an attempt to keep the organization itself and restore its shaken credibility in the world. However, it is unlikely to lead to desired results: in its current form, this organization is not able to solve the tasks assigned to it. All in all, despite the scandals and disadvantages, it can be said that the United Nations is an effective institution, which has been proven many times by its actions. The organization has many goals for the sake of the society all over the world, among them are: To maintain international peace and security and to that end: to take effective collective measures for the prevention and removal of threats to peace and suppress acts of aggression or other breaches of peace and by peaceful means in conformity with the principles of justice and international law, adjustment and settlement of international disputes or situations which may lead to a breach of peace; To develop friendly relations from nations based on respect for the principle of equal rights and self determination of peoples, and to take other appropriate measures to strengthen universal peace; To achieve international cooperation in solving international problems of an economic, social, cultural or humanitarian character and in promoting and encouraging respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms to all, without distinction of race, sex, language or religion, and To be a center for harmonizing the actions of nations and the achievement of common goals.

Capital accumulation, Essay

Name two types of market failure. Explain why each may cause market outcomes to be inefficient. Externalities and Market Power. Externalaties are byproducts of a product. Exteranlities can lead to a failure because buyers and sellers do not consider the side effects, which can lead to imbalance in equilibrium based on a societal standpoint. Market Power occurs when there is a single buyer and seller (or small group of them) with the ability to control market prices. This can lead to failure because it keeps prices and quantity away from the equilibrium of supply and demand. 2. What happens to consumer and producer surplus when the sale of a good is taxed? How does the change in consumer and producer surplus compare to the tax revenue? When a product is taxed both consumer and producer surplus drop. This change in surplus is gained in tax revenue, but producers earn less and consumers get less for their value. 3. How do the elasticities of supply and demand affect the deadweight loss of a tax? Why does this effect occur? The elasticities of supply and demand affect deadweight loss in that when: supply/demand is elastic, then the deadweight loss is high. If the supply/demand is inelastic, then the deadweight loss is small. This occurs because taxes change the behavior of buyers/sellers. If tax increases price of buyers, they consume less. If tax reduces profit of producers, then they produce less. 4. What does the domestic price that prevails without international trade tell us about a nation’s comparative advantage? If the domestic price is low, then it says that county can produce that product cheaply, and has a comparative advantage. If it is high, then that country is at a disadvantage compared to other countries. What is the difference between the unilateral and multilateral approaches to achieving free trade? Give an example of each. Unilateral approach is when the country reduces trade restrictions on its own. ‘Isolandia’ removes tariffs on imports. Multilateral approach is when a country reduces it trade restrictions while other countries do the same (through bargaining) ‘Isolandia’ removes tariffs on imports if ‘Seclusia’ also removes theirs. 6. Why do economists use real GDP rather than nominal GDP to gauge economic well-being? Define the GDP deflator. Nominal GDP is GDP (goods and services produced, and their prices) calculated at current prices. Real GDP is GDP calculated at constant prices(goods ands and services produced). We use Real GDP because it reflects changes in production vice changes in prices. The GDP Deflator allows calculating only the prices of goods and services. 7. What is the CPI? Which do you think has a greater effect on the consumer price index: a 10 percent increase in the price of chicken, or a 10 percent increase in the price of caviar? Why? Consumer Price Index, is a measure of the overall cost of goods and services bought by a typical consumer. A 10% increase in chicken will have a greater affect on the CPI because more people typically by chicken than those who buy caviar. 8. Describe the three factors that make the consumer price index an imperfect measure of the cost of living. Then explain how the GDP deflator differs from the CPI. Substition Bias: Consumers substitute towards goods that cost less Introduction of new goods: A new product is introduced allowing more choices. This reduces cost of maintaining same level of economic well being. Unmeasured quality change – if a goods quality goes down, but remains at same price – then the dollar is worth less than previously. If the quality goes up, and price remains the same, then the dollar is worth more than previously. GDP deflator accounts for goods produced domestically, while CPI accounts for all goods purchased. GDP Deflator also accounts for all currently produced goods, while CPI accounts for a fixed set of goods, that may not include new goods or include goods that no longer exist. 9. List and describe the determinants of productivity. Physical Capital: Quality of tools the worker has – better quality, the more production. Human Capital: Knowledge and Skills – education, experience and training. Better training = better efficiency. Natural Resources: Resources made available for input into production. Either renewable or non-renawable. Access to resources reduces costs of importing them – but is not necessary. Technical Knowledge:Refers to societies understanding of how the world works. (Human capital refers to recources expended to transmit this understanding to its workers) 10. Explain how a higher savings rate can lead to a higher standard of living. What might deter a policymaker from trying to raise the rate of saving? Saving now and consuming less now, allows for investments and ability to consume more in the future. Diminishing returns are what might deter a policy maker raising rate of savings. At a low capital, an extra increase in capital increases production. But as you continue to invest capital, the growth of production is at a lesser amount. It continues until a point in where a large increase in capital only gives a minor increase in production.

Early experiences with art Essay

The first experience I had with art was when I was an eight year old. I was in a restaurant with my parents when the painting on the wall struck me. I was unable to take my eyes off the painting. It was absolutely stunning with myriad hues and bright colors. The painting was a replica of the ‘Renoirs Luncheon of the Boating Party’. The colors in the painting were charming, bringing out the best of the painter and his art. Life for the people seemed to be like songs with unending lyrics, going on and on, eternally like the water lapping against the sides of their boat. That moment I realized that art could bring pictures to life. That day I decide that art would be a part of my life always. I started studying the various pieces of art that I could see. The art used to make my life more meaningful. I could identify myself with most of the artists and their work. Art slowly brought a change in me. I started looking at life from a different perspective. Life seemed full of meaning for me. My parents and teachers were very supportive of my interest in art. In fact, they encouraged me to paint various portraits. My teacher took a special interest in me and encouraged me to do my best. Their words egged me on and I was able to even have a small exhibition of my paintings in my school at the age of sixteen. It was a great success. At present, though there is lesser time for me to spend on art and my artistic abilities may have dulled a little. My love for art has not decreased. I now buy paintings that are affordable and keep gazing at them for even hours at times. I have kept painting whenever I could and have gifted a few of my best paintings to friends who have admired the paintings and have accorded them a place in the wall of their houses. Since childhood, I have started admiring and studying the art of various great painters more closely. I have been able to learn the intricacies of various paintings. I have realized that paintings are an index of the painters’ feelings. The art is usually from the heart.

What to Do Before Leaving for College

Overwhelmed with everything you need to do before heading to college? Familiarizing yourself with everything on this list can help make the process easier. 1. Contact Your Roommate That first conversation is pivotal for getting to know each other, for building your relationship as roommates, and for figuring out whos going to be bringing what. A great roommate can make all the difference in school. 2. Organize All Your Purchases Knowing what to bring is just as important as knowing what not to bring. Deciding on what kind of computer youll have is also a big decision that will influence several aspects of your college life. (Can you bring it home? Is it powerful enough to run graphics programs or economic models youll need for your major?) 3. Understand Your Financial Aid The last thing you want to have happen is for finances to get in the way of your academic progress (yes, it really does matter if you miss that deadline for submitting your FAFSA). Make sure your finances are in order—and that you understand all you need to do while youre in school. 4. Make a Budget Youll need to know, from your first day on campus, how much money you can spend on certain things, whether or not youll need an on-campus job, and how much money you should have at the end of every month so you dont have to beg your roommate for food come December. 5. Take Care of Your Physical Health Picking the right meal plan and knowing how to make healthy choices in your new environment will greatly aid your time in school. Who wants to miss a midterm because of a stress-induced cold? 6. Familiarize Yourself With College Terminology If your RA tells you that the problem youre having with your TA can best be handled by the dean, will you know what all of that means? What if your cute lab partner is complaining because adjunct professors werent invited to convocation? College life is full of acronyms and new lingo: do what you can to familiarize yourself with it before you arrive. 7. Get the Most out of Orientation Everything from meeting people to making it through your first week takes a lot of courage—but pushing yourself through will make a huge difference during your entire time at school. 8. Plan to Keep in Touch With Friends and Family Its a good idea to know how to manage relationships with your boyfriend or girlfriend, parents, and even siblings. If you talk about how to keep in touch before you leave, everyone will know what to expect. 9. Develop a Time Management System Figuring out how to manage their time is often one of the biggest challenges for college students. Set yourself up early with a system that you know will work for you. 10. Keep Yourself and Your Stuff Safe The last thing you need to be worried about while in school is dealing with something that may have been preventable. Losing your computer, for example, can wreak havoc on your academics—and, if someone breaks into your room while you left the door open, can wreak havoc on your roommate relationship. Its easier to stay safe than to deal with theft. Lastly—an unofficial #11—congratulate yourself on a job well done for getting here in the first place, and have fun!

Bajar Conjugation in Spanish, Translation, and Examples

The Spanish verb bajar  means to take down or lower, but it can be used in several different ways.  Bajar  is a regular  -ar  verb like  parar  or  llamar.  If you know the  conjugation rules for regular -ar  verbs, then you can easily conjugate bajar.  In this article you can find tables with the present, preterit, imperfect, future, and conditional indicative tenses for bajar, as well as the present and past subjunctive, imperative, and other verb forms. Using the Verb Bajar The verb  bajar  has many different uses. It can be both a transitive and intransitive verb. When it is used as a transitive verb it can mean to lower or drop something, such as  Debes bajar el volumen de la mà ºsica  (You must lower the volume of the music), or Bajà ©Ã‚  el precio del carro  (I lowered the price of the car). It can also mean to take or bring something down, as in  Voy a bajar el florero del estante  (Im going to bring down the vase from the shelf), and it can even mean to download something from the internet, as in  Bajà © el archivo a mi computadora  (I downloaded the file to my computer).   The verb  bajar can also be  used as an intransitive verb to talk about something lowering or dropping, such as  El precio de la gasolina bajà ³Ã‚  (The price of gas dropped) or Esta noche bajarà ¡ la temperatura  (Tonight the temperature will drop). It can also be used to talk about when a person comes down or descends, as in  Ella bajà ³ al primer piso  (She came down to the first floor). Finally, you can use  bajar  to talk about getting off a vehicle, as in El nià ±o bajà ³ del autobà ºs  (The boy got off the bus). Bajar Present Indicative Yo bajo I lower Yo bajo el volumen de la msica. T bajas You lower T bajas los libros del estante. Usted/l/ella baja You/he/she lowers Ella baja las persianas en la noche. Nosotros bajamos We lower Nosotros bajamos el precio de la ropa. Vosotros bajis You lower Vosotros bajis la velocidad del carro. Ustedes/ellos/ellas bajan You/they lower Ellos bajan la foto de la pared. Bajar Preterite  Indicative There are two forms of the past tense  in Spanish:  the preterite and the imperfect. The preterite is used to talk about completed actions in the past.   Yo baj I lowered Yo baj el volumen de la msica. T bajaste You lowered T bajaste los libros del estante. Usted/l/ella baj You/he/she lowered Ella baj las persianas en la noche. Nosotros bajamos We lowered Nosotros bajamos el precio de la ropa. Vosotros bajasteis You lowered Vosotros bajasteis la velocidad del carro. Ustedes/ellos/ellas bajaron You/they lowered Ellos bajaron la foto de la pared. Bajar Imperfect  Indicative The imperfect tense is used to talk about ongoing or repeated actions in the past. With the verb bajar,  you can translate the imperfect as was lowering or used to lower.   Yo bajaba I used to lower Yo bajaba el volumen de la msica. T bajabas You used to lower T bajabas los libros del estante. Usted/l/ella bajaba You/he/she used to lower Ella bajaba las persianas en la noche. Nosotros bajbamos We used to lower Nosotros bajbamos el precio de la ropa. Vosotros bajabais You used to lower Vosotros bajabais la velocidad del carro. Ustedes/ellos/ellas bajaban You/they used to lower Ellos bajaban la foto de la pared. Bajar Future  Indicative Yo bajar I will lower Yo bajar el volumen de la msica. T bajars You will lower T bajars los libros del estante. Usted/l/ella bajar You/he/she will lower Ella bajar las persianas en la noche. Nosotros bajaremos We will lower Nosotros bajaremos el precio de la ropa. Vosotros bajaris You will lower Vosotros bajaris la velocidad del carro. Ustedes/ellos/ellas bajarn You/they will lower Ellos bajarn la foto de la pared. Bajar Periphrastic Future  Indicative The periphrastic future in Spanish is equivalent to the going to verb construction in English. Yo voy a bajar I am going to lower Yo voy a bajar el volumen de la msica. T vas a bajar You are going to lower T vas a bajar los libros del estante. Usted/l/ella va a bajar You/he/she is going to lower Ella va a bajar las persianas en la noche. Nosotros vamos a bajar We are going to lower Nosotros vamos a bajar el precio de la ropa. Vosotros vais a bajar You are going to lower Vosotros vais a bajar la velocidad del carro. Ustedes/ellos/ellas van a bajar You/they are going to lower Ellos van a bajar la foto de la pared. Bajar Conditional  Indicative When you want to talk about possibilities or about things that would happen,  you can use the conditional  tense. An example of a sentence using the conditional is Si vinieras a visitarme, bajarà ­a a abrirte la puerta  (If you came to visit me, I would come down to open the door for you). Yo bajara I would lower Yo bajara el volumen de la msica. T bajaras You would lower T bajaras los libros del estante. Usted/l/ella bajara You/he/she would lower Ella bajara las persianas en la noche. Nosotros bajaramos We would lower Nosotros bajaramos el precio de la ropa. Vosotros bajarais You would lower Vosotros bajarais la velocidad del carro. Ustedes/ellos/ellas bajaran You/they would lower Ellos bajaran la foto de la pared. Bajar Present Progressive/Gerund Form The present participle or gerund  of -ar  verbs is formed with the ending  -ando. You can use the present participle to form  progressive tenses, such as the present progressive. Present Progressive of Bajar   està ¡ bajando   She is lowering   Ella està ¡ bajando las persianas. Bajar Past Participle To form the past participle for  -ar  verbs, use the ending  -ado. The past participle  is used to form  compound tenses  like the present perfect.   Present Perfect of Bajar   ha bajado   She has lowered   Ella ha bajado las persianas.   Bajar Present Subjunctive Que yo baje That I lower Pedro pide que yo baje el volumen de la msica. Que t bajes That you lower Marisa quiere que t bajes los libros del estante. Que usted/l/ella baje That you/he/she lower Marco espera que ella baje las persianas en la noche. Que nosotros bajemos That we lower Carlos pide que nosotros bajemos el precio de la ropa. Que vosotros bajis That you lower Sara quiere que vosotros bajis la velocidad del carro. Que ustedes/ellos/ellas bajen That you/they lower Leo pide que ellos bajen la foto de la pared. Bajar Imperfect  Subjunctive The tables below show two options for conjugating the imperfect subjunctive. Both options are equally valid. Option 1 Que yo bajara That I lowered Pedro pidi que yo bajara el volumen de la msica. Que t bajaras That you lowered Marisa quera que t bajaras los libros del estante. Que usted/l/ella bajara That you/he/she lowered Marco esperaba que ella bajara las persianas en la noche. Que nosotros bajramos That we lowered Carlos pidi que nosotros bajramos el precio de la ropa. Que vosotros bajarais That you lowered Sara quera que vosotros bajarais la velocidad del carro. Que ustedes/ellos/ellas bajaran That you/they lowered Leo pidi que ellos bajaran la foto de la pared. Option 2 Que yo bajase That I lowered Pedro pidi que yo bajase el volumen de la msica. Que t bajases That you lowered Marisa quera que t bajases los libros del estante. Que usted/l/ella bajase That you/he/she lowered Marco esperaba que ella bajase las persianas en la noche. Que nosotros bajsemos That we lowered Carlos pidi que nosotros bajsemos el precio de la ropa. Que vosotros bajaseis That you lowered Sara quera que vosotros bajaseis la velocidad del carro. Que ustedes/ellos/ellas bajasen That you/they lowered Leo pidi que ellos bajasen la foto de la pared. Bajar Imperative   If you want to give a command or direct order, use the imperative mood. The tables below show the affirmative and negative commands, which are different in the tà ºÃ‚  and  vosotros  forms. Positive Commands T baja Lower! Baja los libros del estante! Usted baje Lower! Baje las persianas en la noche! Nosotros bajemos Lets lower! Bajemos el precio de la ropa! Vosotros bajad Lower! Bajad la velocidad del carro! Ustedes bajen Lower! Bajen la foto de la pared! Negative Commands T no bajes Dont lower! No bajes los libros del estante! Usted no baje Dont lower! No baje las persianas en la noche! Nosotros no bajemos Lets not lower! No bajemos el precio de la ropa! Vosotros no bajis Dont lower! No bajis la velocidad del carro! Ustedes no bajen Dont lower! No bajen la foto de la pared!

Essay on History of Childhood - 2207 Words

Childhood is usually understood as a set of experiences and behaviours, gained in the early stages of the human existence, considered as the preparation for the adult world. However, the history of childhood is a very complex topic and it has become a very influential area of study in recent years. In 1962, the ‘Centuries of Childhood’ by Philippe Arià ©s introduced the idea that childhood was a new creation developed in recent centuries and as a concept it was believed to be nonexistent before the seventeenth century. This concept means that there was no awareness of the process of childhood. In several studies of the medieval period, Arià ©s noticed that childhood was not acknowledged or even attempted to be portrayed during this period. For†¦show more content†¦He believes that it is at that age that reason starts to develop until finally the child becomes an adult. In ‘Emile’ Rousseau emphasises that nature wants children to take advantage of being children before being adults and there is a period of acquiring knowledge before living in the real world. A theory of innocence of the child emerged giving a need to protect children from the harsh reality of the adult world. Childhood has its own ways of seeing, thinking, and feeling which are proper to it/ child’s mind considered as a blank state to be inscribed by experience: the infant is often compared to a ‘white paper’ to be written over or to a plastic substance (wax) to be molded According to Alan Richardson, childhood gained a central position through Romantic Literature, due to its artistic and reinvigorating movement during the eighteenth century. The supreme faculty of mind is reason by stressing strong emotions and imagination, which is the key reason to the shaping of creative power. 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Many ideas surrounding the change and evolved over the centuries, ideas such as the views towards education and the impact of the industrial revolution on westerns societies views towards childhood, due to the limited space, this essay will focus on two underlying issues which have contributed greatly to the changing ideas about childhood over the centuries, which are; the recognition of childhood and innocenceRead MoreChildhood Depressionn1528 Words   |  7 PagesChildhood Depression Abstract Empirical evidence shows that that depression disorder in children is a common condition that affects emotional, physical, and social development. Risk factors include parental conflict, a family history of depression, poor peer relationship, negative thinking, and deficit in coping skills. Treatment criteria of children and adults are the same, with the exception that children may display irritability rather than depressed or sad mood, and loss of weight may beRead MoreChildhood Trauma and Symptoms of Psychological Disorders Essay examples1567 Words   |  7 Pagesalready been done to try to find the answer to the question, does childhood trauma cause and effect the symptoms of patients with psychological disorders such as Schizophrenia and Psychosis, or can the trauma cause a patient to have Schizophrenia or Psychosis. Many case studies’ findings state that there is a link. Some studies say only certain symptoms are affected. I want to know what symptoms are affected and wh at kind of childhood trauma could have possibly affected the symptoms of patients whoRead MoreEvaluation Of The Recruitment Letter1627 Words   |  7 Pagessecond semester college students. The sample for those who completed the spring survey, but not also the fall survey was 134, making a total sample of those who completed the spring survey 505. Measures California Bully-Victimization Scale. Previous childhood bullying victimization was assessed with the California Bully-Victimization Scale (CBVS; Felix et al., 2011). The CBVS asks about the three core definitional components of bullying: peer victimization that is (a) intentional, (b) repeated, and (c)